Prevalence Of Diastasis Of The Rectus Abdominis Muscles Immediately Postpartum: Comparison Between Primiparae And Multiparae [prevalência De Diástase Dos Músculos Retoabdominais No Puerpério Imediato: Comparação Entre Primíparas E Multíparas]

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscles (DRAM) among primiparae and multiparae immediately after vaginal delivery, and to compare DRAM above and below the umbilicus and correlate these with the mother's age, body mass index, gestational age and duration of labor. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out. Personal information, obstetric history and DRAM measurements 4.5 cm above and below the umbilicus were recorded. DRAM was graded by the number of fingerbreadths (approximately 1.5 cm each) between the medial edges of this muscle. DRAM was considered present and relevant if the separation was > 2 cm at any measurement point. Results: Data from 467 women were analyzed. Above the umbilicus, the prevalence of DRAM >2 cm was 68%. Below the umbilicus, the prevalence of DRAM > 2 cm was 32%. The prevalence of DRAM above the umbilicus among primiparae and multiparae was identical (68%), and the prevalence below the umbilicus was greater among multiparae (19.8% and 29.2%). The mean DRAM above the umbilicus was 2.8 cm (±1.2) and the mean DRAM below the umbilicus was 1.5 cm (±1.1), representing a significant difference (p=0.0001) and a weak correlation (r=0.461). The mean DRAM below the umbilicus was significantly greater among the multiparae (p<0.018) and there was no correlation with the mother's age, body mass index, gestational age or duration of labor. Conclusions: The prevalence of DRAM and mean DRAM were greater above the umbilicus both among multiparae and primiparae. Below the umbilicus, the mean DRAM was significantly greater among multiparae. DRAM below the umbilicus presented a weak correlation with DRAM above the umbilicus.134275280Corrêa, M.C., Corrêa, M.D., Puerpério (1999) Noções práticas de obstetrícia. 12 a ed., pp. 95-104. , Corrêa MD, editor. Rio de Janeiro: MedisiMoore, K.L., O abdome (1994) Anatomia Orientada Para a Clínica. 3 a ed., pp. 117-123. , Moore KL, editor. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara KooganWhiteford, B., Polden, M., Seu Corpo antes e depois do parto (1992) Exercícios pós-natais: Um Programa de Seis Meses Para a Boa Forma da mãe e do Bebê, pp. 10-23. , Whiteford B, Polden M, editores. São Paulo: Maltese-NormaSpitznagle, T.M., Leong, F.C., Van Dillen, L.R., Prevalence of diastasis recti abdominis in a urogynecological patient population (2007) Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct, 18 (3), pp. 321-328Gilleard, W.L., Brown, J.M., Structure and function of the abdominal muscles in primigravid subjects during pregnancy and the immediate postbirth period (1996) Phys Ther., 76 (7), pp. 750-762Artal, R., O'Toole, M., White, S., Guidelines of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists for exercise during pregnancy and the postpartum period (2003) Br J Sports Med., 37 (1), pp. 6-12Bursch, S.G., Interrater reliability of diastasis recti abdominis measurement (1987) Phys Ther., 67 (7), pp. 1077-1079Mesquita, L.A., Machado, A.V., Andrade, A.V., Fisioterapia para redução da diástase dos músculos retos abdominais no pós-parto (1999) Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet., 21 (5), pp. 267-272Boxer, S., Jones, S., Intra-rater reliability of rectus abdominis diastasis measurement using dial calipers (1997) Aust J Physiother., 43 (2), pp. 109-114Chiarello, C.M., Falzone, L.A., McCaslin, K.E., Patel, M.N., Ulery, K.R., The effects of as exercise program on diastasis recti abdominis in pregnant women (2005) Journal of Women's Health Physical Therapy, 29 (1), pp. 11-16Boissonnault, J.S., Blaschak, M.J., Incidence of diastasis recti abdominis during the childbearing year (1988) Phys Ther., 68 (7), pp. 1082-1086Sapsford, R., Rehabilitation of pelvic floor muscles utilizing trunk stabilization (2004) Man Ther., 9 (1), pp. 3-12Toranto, I.R., The relief of low back pain with the WARP abdominoplasty: A preliminary report (1990) Plas Reconstr Surg., 85 (4), pp. 545-555Hodges, P.W., Is there a role for tranversus abdominis in lumbo-pelvic stability? (1999) Man Ther., 4 (2), pp. 74-86Norris, C.M., Functional load abdominal training: Part 1 (2001) Phys Ther Sport., 2 (1), pp. 29-39Mendes, D.A., Nahas, F.X., Veiga, D.F., Mendes, F.V., Figueiras, R.G., Gomes, M.C., Ultrasonography for measuring rectus abdominis muscles diastasis (2007) Acta Cir Brás., 22 (3), pp. 182-18

Radiation content of Conformally flat initial data

We study the radiation of energy and linear momentum emitted to infinity by the headon collision of binary black holes, starting from rest at a finite initial separation, in the extreme mass ratio limit. For these configurations we identify the radiation produced by the initially conformally flat choice of the three geometry. This identification suggests that the radiated energy and momentum of headon collisions will not be dominated by the details of the initial data for evolution of holes from initial proper separations $L_0\geq7M$. For non-headon orbits, where the amount of radiation is orders of magnitude larger, the conformally flat initial data may provide a relative even better approximation.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Innermost circular orbit of binary black holes at the third post-Newtonian approximation

The equations of motion of two point masses have recently been derived at the 3PN approximation of general relativity. From that work we determine the location of the innermost circular orbit or ICO, defined by the minimum of the binary's 3PN energy as a function of the orbital frequency for circular orbits. We find that the post-Newtonian series converges well for equal masses. Spin effects appropriate to corotational black-hole binaries are included. We compare the result with a recent numerical calculation of the ICO in the case of two black holes moving on exactly circular orbits (helical symmetry). The agreement is remarkably good, indicating that the 3PN approximation is adequate to locate the ICO of two black holes with comparable masses. This conclusion is reached with the post-Newtonian expansion expressed in the standard Taylor form, without using resummation techniques such as Pad\'e approximants and/or effective-one-body methods.Comment: 21 pages, to appear in Phys. Rev. D (spin effects appropriate to corotational black-hole binaries are included; discussion on the validity of the approximation is added

Long-Day Photoperiod Enhances Jasmonic Acid-Related Plant Defense

[EN] Agricultural crops are exposed to a range of daylengths, which act as important environmental cues for the control of developmental processes such as flowering. To explore the additional effects of daylength on plant function, we investigated the transcriptome of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants grown under short days (SD) and transferred to long days (LD). Compared with that under SD, the LD transcriptome was enriched in genes involved in jasmonic acid-dependent systemic resistance. Many of these genes exhibited impaired expression induction under LD in the phytochrome A (phyA), cryptochrome 1 (cry1), and cry2 triple photoreceptor mutant. Compared with that under SD, LD enhanced plant resistance to the necrotrophic fungus Bottytis cinerea. This response was reduced in the phyA cry1 cry2 triple mutant, in the constitutive photomorphogenicl (cop1) mutant, in the myc2 mutant, and in mutants impaired in DELLA function. Plants grown under SD had an increased nuclear abundance of COP1 and decreased DELLA abundance, the latter of which was dependent on COP1. We conclude that growth under LD enhances plant defense by reducing COP1 activity and enhancing DELLA abundance and MYC2 expression.This study was supported by a Guggenheim Foundation fellowship (to J.J.C), by Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (PICT-2015-1796), by the University of Buenos Aires (20020100100437, to J.J.C.), by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.I.C.), and by the SIGNAT-Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (H2020-MSCA-RISE-2014, to P.D.C., M.A.B., D.A., and J.J.C.).Cagnola, J.; Cerdan, P.; Pacín, M.; Andrade, A.; Rodríguez, V.; Zurbriggen, M.; Legris, M.... (2018). Long-Day Photoperiod Enhances Jasmonic Acid-Related Plant Defense. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY. 178(1):163-173. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.18.00443S163173178

Microtiming patterns and interactions with musical properties in Samba music

In this study, we focus on the interaction between microtiming patterns and several musical properties: intensity, meter and spectral characteristics. The data-set of 106 musical audio excerpts is processed by means of an auditory model and then divided into several spectral regions and metric levels. The resulting segments are described in terms of their musical properties, over which patterns of peak positions and their intensities are sought. A clustering algorithm is used to systematize the process of pattern detection. The results confirm previously reported anticipations of the third and fourth semiquavers in a beat. We also argue that these patterns of microtiming deviations interact with different profiles of intensities that change according to the metrical structure and spectral characteristics. In particular, we suggest two new findings: (i) a small delay of microtiming positions at the lower end of the spectrum on the first semiquaver of each beat and (ii) systematic forms of accelerando and ritardando at a microtiming level covering two-beat and four-beat phrases. The results demonstrate the importance of multidimensional interactions with timing aspects of music. However, more research is needed in order to find proper representations for rhythm and microtiming aspects in such contexts

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results

Jet size dependence of single jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s(NN)) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 7 inverse microbarns, ATLAS has measured jets with a calorimeter over the pseudorapidity interval |eta| < 2.1 and over the transverse momentum range 38 < pT < 210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of the jet yield is characterized by the jet "central-to-peripheral ratio," Rcp. Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. Rcp varies smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 8 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2011-02